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Allogeneic Platelet Transfusions May Alleviate T-cell Mediated Immune Thrombocytopenia

January 24, 2014

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder with a complex pathogenesis that appears to be caused by either platelet destruction mediated by autoantibodies or by cytotoxic T-cells.

While platelet transfusions are commonly used for many patients with thrombocytopenia, transfusions are not currently recommended for patients with ITP because of the potential for triggering adverse immune responses.  Using a novel murine model mimicking both autoantibody and T-cell mediated ITP, Guo et al reported in the journal Blood that anti-platelet specific T-cell mediated immune responses can induce ITP in a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model.  Furthermore, allogeneic platelet transfusions can rescue anti-platelet T-cell mediated ITP in SCID mice.  Allogeneic platelet transfusions also normalized megakaryocytes and inhibited in vitro T-cell mediated cytotoxicity.  These results suggest that platelet transfusions may be beneficial to those ITP patients who are anti-platelet antibody-negative with T-cell mediated ITP.

Reference

1. Guo L, Yang L, Speck ER, Aslam R, Kim M, McKenzie CG, Lazarus AH, Ni H, Hou M, Freedman J, Semple JW: Allogeneic platelet transfusions prevent murine t-cell-mediated immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2014;123:422-427.

 

 

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